一、术以前正要
Before a surgery, much work should be done to make sure the patient's safety.
继续做治疗之以前为了必要性伤寒人份的必要性有许多工作要继续做。1. Vital signs will be taken and recorded. Tell the doctor anything unusual.第一，要检测并历史记录一个人体征。将任何出现异常告知心理医生。2. All prostheses such as contact lenses, artificial limbs and artificial teeth should be taken off.第二，所有局限，例如、假人以及假牙都不应该盖住。The anesthetist may prefer that artificial teeth be left in place. So the nurse must consult the anesthetist on this.师似乎就会希望让病患者戴假牙，所以看管均需要咨商的建议。3. The patient's nail polish and makeup should be removed. You will make it easier for the doctor to observe the patient for cyanosis.
第三，病患者均需要施用指甲油并卸妆。这样就会让心理医生非常容易分辨伤寒人是否患有苍白伤寒。The cyanosis often shows the need for oxygen. Hairpins should also be removed because they will cause contamination苍白伤寒一般来说表明病患者须要剩氧。还不应当盖住发夹等头饰，以免引致病菌。4. The bladder should be emptied by voiding or by catheter. A full bladder could be damaged during surgery.第四，经过手淫或者导尿填满膀胱。膀胱内充满著分泌物似乎就会在治疗操作过程中都受损。5. Unless the surgery is a small one, the bowel should be cleaned by enemas before the surgery. It will prevent much discomfort after the surgery. It will also prevent contamination.第五，术以前病患者均需运用于灌肠剂填满肠道，小治疗除外。这就会能避免很多术后肺部困难疼痛。还可以能避免病菌。6. Sedative is usually given 30 minutes to an hours before the patient is taken to the surgical room. It will make the anesthesia easier.第六，镇静剂一般来说在病患者转回治疗会议室以前30分钟到一小时内注射。这可以让操作过程进行地非常容易一些。After that, the patient should be encouraged to rest quietly. A member of the family may be allowed to stay in the room with the patient.然后不应该鼻音安慰病患者转回休眠完全。治疗会议室内有时可以无需病患者的一位家属陪伴。7. The patient's chart should be taken to the surgical room and it must be complete. It must include all laboratory and X-ray reports, a signed operative permit, etc.第七，病患者的伤寒历表不应该带出治疗会议室，并且一栏须要非常简单。上面均需要仅限于所有的化验和X光检查报告以及一份签名的治疗特许等等。Allergies and required medicine, such as insulin must be shown on the chart.腹泻原和所均需药物，如胰岛素，也不应在一栏中都指明。Excuse me, Ms. Wang. I want to go to the toilet.
劳驾，王为看管。我希望去马桶。You need not go to the toilet. Please try the bedpan.你不可去马桶。特地你用便盆吧。How can I urinate in bed?我怎么能在床上小便呢？You know you will not be allowed to get up for several days after the operation. So you must learn to use the bedpan.治疗此后几天你是不无需下床的。所以你均需要学者运用于便盆。OK. Let me he a try.好吧。我试试。When will I be sent to the operating room?我什么时候进治疗会议室？About 8 O'clock. I'll wake you up at 7 O'clock and put down a nasogastric tube through one of your nostrils.差不多八点。我就会在七点叫醒你然后从你的眼窝中都插入一根胃管。Could you tell me why?
你能希望到我为什么要插胃管吗？We will give you food through the tube on the second and third day after the operation.开刀第二、三天我们须要通过胃管给你进食。What time will I be back here?我什么时候能被送回这里？You'll be back at about 3 pm.差不多下午三点。How can my wife know about the operation?我女儿怎样了解我治疗的的发展？She can stay in the waiting room. We'll tell her as soon as possible about the operation.她就会在等候会议室。治疗一过后我们就会正要通知她。He you signed the consent?你在表示同意新书签字了吗？Yes. What should I do before operation?签了。治疗以前我不应该继续做什么？We'll prepare you by shing and cleaning. Then you'll take a shower. You'll he a liquid diet for supper.我们就会给你剃须继续做清洁。然后你要洗个澡。晚饭你要爱吃一些流食。I know. Will the operation hurt very much?我其实了。治疗就会很心痛吗？Don't worry. You won't feel anything during the operation.别担心，治疗操作过程中都你不就会显出任何心痛痛。You'll find yourself back in the room after the operation.开刀你醒来的时候就已经在医院了。You may feel some pain and feel drowsy. We will give you an injection to relieve the pain if you can't stand it.你似乎就会感到看上去心痛并昏昏沉沉。如果心痛痛吐血的话我们就会给你注射一些减缓心痛痛的药物。Thank you.妳你 二、治疗中都Operator, put me through to the operating room please.
话务员，特地表哥我接治疗会议室。Just a minute. The line is engaged.近于等。目以前占中央线。A few seconds later.几秒钟后。Operation room.治疗会议室May I speak to the head nurse?能特地主治医师接电话吗？Of course, she's right here.当然可以，她就在这。Hello, I'm the head nurse. What can I do for you?
希望见，我是主治医师。有什么可以表哥您？What's going on in the operation room right now?治疗会议室中都目以前是什么具体情况。I he an emergency case coming in.我正要有一个紧急状况伤寒例。We're making necessary preparations for an acute appendicitis operation this afternoon Dr. Wang is going to perform the operation.我们在为今天下午王为心理医生的急性阑尾炎治疗继续做必要性正要。I was asked half an hour ago to see a severely injured patient who has had several of his ribs fractured. He needs a chest operation immediately. Would you arrange for an emergency operation?我半小时以前交还了一个致使肋骨骨折的伤寒人。他须要第一时间给与横膈膜治疗。你们表哥我安排紧急状况治疗吗？Of course, I'll make the necessary arrangements right away. I'll phone you everything is ready.当然可以。我正要继续做必要性正要。一切正要完毕此后我给你打电话。Fine, I'll be waiting for your call.好的，我等你电话。By the way, please tell the nurse that the blood bank will bring us 3 or 4 units of type B blood for surgical use.对了。特地希望到看管血库就会给我们3或4的单位的B型血供治疗运用于。Anything else?还有其他要交代的吗？Yes, I'm planning to use a general anesthesia and would like to he an assistant.有，我须要继续做浑身，须要一位助手。All right. I'll let Dr. Wang know it immediately.好的。我正要通知王为心理医生。Thank you.妳你。You're welcome.不客气。After the operation. 三、术后 The patient is in narcosis, take care.病患者还在醒来完全，多留意。What kind of surgery has he had?他给与了什么治疗？A chest operation.横膈膜治疗。Is he allergic to any drug?他对什么药物腹泻吗？He's allergic to meperidine.他对哌替啶腹泻。Did he lose much blood during the surgery?治疗中都他坏死很多吗？He lost 400 ml of blood and received 2 units of red cells.他坏死400ml。我们给他剩了2的单位的血小板。Has he received any other fluids?你们给他剩其他液体了吗？1000 ml of 5% dextrose in distilled water.1000毫升含5%的纯水。 四、开刀康复与眼科After the operation, the surgical patient often needs intensive care.
治疗此后，外科伤寒人一般来说须要遏制眼科。Here there are some reasons. Of course, some common problems will occur.这其中都有一些因素。当然，也就会有一些常见缺陷注意到。The problems can be expected and therefore anticipated.这些缺陷是可以预见的。After the operation, patients often need hemodynamic monitoring.治疗此后须要对伤寒人进行腹水流体动力学理不应。Many of the conditions are related to basic medical problems.伤寒人的很多疼痛与基本的医学缺陷相关。Some patients will he intraoperative hemorrhage or postoperative infection.一些伤寒人就会注意到术中都出血或术后病菌。It may lead to instability. So the patient needs special care.
这就会避免开刀伤寒情恢复不稳定。因此伤寒人须要特别看管。This will be much more common after emergency surgical procedures.这种具体情况在心肺治疗伤寒人人身更为常见。If patients suddenly decompensate, they need to be taken into the intensive care unit, ICU.如果伤寒人立刻代谢心理因素，须要将其送入重症遏制眼科医院。Patients with severe blunt or penetrating trauma will also suffer from hemodynamic instability.钝挫伤及选择性创伤病患者还就会注意到腹水流体动力学不稳定。Very often, they will he an immediate inflammatory response which is caused by severe bone and soft tissue injury.他们很似乎就会注意到急性水肿重排，这是由致使软骨或者骨盆受伤致使。If hypovolemic shock occurs, then it shows that the injury is serious. The patient sometimes needs blood transfusion to correct the deficit.如果注意到低血容量性休克，这表明膝盖致使。有时须要对伤寒人进行肾衰竭来足量其肝细胞血液。Occasionally, the patient's physiological changes call for critical care.伤寒人的生理推移平常也就会须要特别理不应。If patients he nontrauma emergencies that are related to perforated viscous or necrotic bowel, an even greater total body insult will occur.如果非创伤性疾伤寒的心肺病患者的伤寒症与肠穿孔粘滞或肠坏死有关，那么病患者整个机似乎就会受其因素。Each insult leads to a systemic inflammatory response.这些因素就会分别避免各个骨髓的系统性水肿重排。It may progress to multi-organ failure if appropriate intervention is not provided.如果不防范治疗，病患者似乎注意到多骨髓功能衰竭 。Collectively, these surgical patients cover the majority of the patients who he to be sent to the ICU.总而言之，重症加护医院的病患者大部分是外科治疗病患者。 五、术后恢复Ms. Wang, I'm hing a pain here.
王为心理医生，我这里很心痛。I'll give you pain relieving medicine.我给你开一些止心痛药。It's better now. But I'm a little thirsty. Would you please give me some water?以前好些了。但是我很渴。你可以给我一些水喝水吗？I'm afraid I can't. But I can moisten your lips to quench your thirst.抱歉，以致于你以前不可以喝水水。但是我可以在你的嘴唇上蘸一些水表哥你解渴。Thanks. When can I drink?妳。我什么时候可以喝水水？When your bowel is sound and gag reflex returns.须要等你的肠鸣音和咽反射恢复此后才可以喝水。Then I can eat something?那时我就可以爱吃东西了吗？I'm afraid you can't.以致于不行。When can I eat?我什么时候才可以爱吃东西？You can take a liquid diet on the 1st postoperative day. You will gradually increase to a soft diet and regular meals after the 4th postoperative day.
治疗一天此后你可以爱吃一些流食。然后你慢慢可以爱吃软食，治疗四天此后就可以较长时间用餐了。What's the liquid diet?流食是什么？It consists of liquids that don't irritate or cause gas formation, for example, tea, coffee, strained food or vegetable juice and fat-free broth.流食以无危险性或者不就会避免气态产生的液体有别于，例如茶、咖啡、过滤药品、蔬菜汁和无脂羹。What's the soft diet?软食是什么？It includes soup, fish, eggs but not fried, bean curd, noodles, dumplings and so on.软食仅限于羹、鱼肉、非酱汁面包、煎饼、面条、饺子等等。Which kind of food should I oid?我不应该能避免爱吃哪些肉类呢？Rich pastries, hey salad dressing, fried food, lard, etc.炒菜的点心、不必要性的色拉酱调味料、酱汁药品、油等。Anything important?还有什么须要特别强调的吗？Yes, you'll do some breathing exercise tomorrow.有，明日你须要继续做一些肺部锻炼。Why?为什么？The exercise will help prevent respiratory complications.肺部锻炼可以预防肺部系统癌症。Will you help do the exercise or I do it myself?我要自己继续做锻炼吗，还是你就会咨商我？I'll help you and give you some advice.我就会表哥你，给你里斯一些建议。Can you tell me now how I will do it?你以前可以希望到我怎样继续做吗？Of course. Press your incision, breathe deeply and then cough. I will raise the head of your bed.当然可以。按住治疗斜向，深肺部然后咳嗽。我就会把你的怀中升高一些。I see.我其实了。Please press the button when you feel discomfort.如果你感到有什么肺部困难的话特地按呼叫器。I will. Thank you.我就会的，妳你。相关新闻
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